Indonesia - Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy

"Cultural Landscape of Bali: The Subak System as a manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy forms acultural landscape of five rice terraces and their water temples that cover 19,500 hectares. The temples are the focus of a cooperative water management system of canals and weirs, known as subak, that dates back to the 9th century. Included in the landscape is the 18th-century Royal Temple of Pura Taman Ayun, the largest and most impressive architectural edifice of its type on the island. The subak reflects the philosophical concept of Tri Hita Karana, which brings together the realms of the spirit, the human world and nature. This philosophy was born of the cultural exchange between Bali and India over the past 2000 years and has shaped the landscape of Bali. The subak system of democratic and egalitarian farming practices has enabled the Balinese to become the most prolific rice growers in the archipelago despite the challenge of supporting a dense population. 

- Supreme Water Temple Pura Ulun Danu Batur - Lake Batur - Subak Landscape of Pekerisan Watershed - Subak Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru - Royal Water Temple Pura Taman Ayun" 

Source: UNESCO World Heritage